AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 259, Issue 1 119-R125, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Renal responses to graded hemorrhage in conscious pig

J. L. Sondeen, G. A. Gonzaludo, J. A. Loveday, G. E. Deshon, C. B. Clifford, M. M. Hunt, W. G. Rodkey and C. E. Wade
Division of Military Trauma Research, Letterman Army Medical Center, Presidio of San Francisco, California 94129.

We developed a conscious pig model with a chronically instrumented kidney to measure renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and excretory functions during hemorrhage. Seven to 10 days before experimentation, pigs were splenectomized, arterial and venous catheters were implanted, an ultrasonic flow probe was placed on the renal artery, and a pyelostomy was performed for nonocclusively placing a ureteral catheter. Measurements were taken before hemorrhage, and at hemorrhage volumes of 7, 14, 21, and 28 ml/kg (equivalent to 10.5, 21, 31, and 42% of the estimated blood volume), or at corresponding time points for controls. RBF was decreased by 30% when 21% of the blood (14 mg/kg) was removed, before arterial pressure, GFR, or urine flow or excretion was changed. At volumes of hemorrhage greater than 14 ml/kg, there were progressive decreases in RBF, GFR, urine flow rate, osmotic and electrolyte excretion, and arterial pressure. Thus pigs, like humans, respond to hypovolemia with an early redistribution of blood flow away from the kidney.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W. H. Cooke, K. L. Ryan, and V. A. Convertino Lower body negative pressure as a model to study progression to acute hemorrhagic shock in humans J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2004; 96(4): 1249 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. G. Smith, A. Sener, R. Basati, and I. Abu-Amarah Renal responses to hemorrhage are age dependent in conscious sheep J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2004; 96(1): 131 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]