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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 259: R439-R446, 1990;
0363-6119/90 $5.00
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AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 259, Issue 3 439-R446, Copyright © 1990 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Interleukin 1 alpha and an interleukin 1 beta fragment are somnogenic

F. Obal Jr, M. Opp, A. B. Cady, L. Johannsen, A. E. Postlethwaite, H. M. Poppleton, J. M. Seyer and J. M. Krueger
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis.

The somnogenic activity of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) has previously been established. Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) is a distinct gene product that possesses similar biological activities. We report here that IL-1 alpha, like IL-1 beta, has the capacity in rabbits to enhance non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, electroencephalographic slow-wave (0.5-3.5 Hz) voltages, and body temperatures and to inhibit rapid-eye-movement sleep. After IL-1 alpha, sleep remained episodic, and at the doses used no abnormal behavior was observed. Several synthetic IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta peptides were also tested in vivo for somnogenic and pyrogenic activity and in vitro for their ability to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by fibroblasts and proliferation of T-cells. Only IL-1 beta-(208-240) enhanced non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and body temperature, although both IL-1 beta-(208-240) and IL-1 alpha-(223-250) stimulated PGE2 production; both of these peptides failed to stimulate T-cell production. In contrast, four other IL-1 peptides were nonpyrogenic and somnogenically inactive yet stimulated T-cell proliferation. We conclude that the components of IL-1 required for sleep and temperature activities are different from those required for T-cell proliferation.


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