| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 261, Issue 1 126-R133, Copyright © 1991 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
N. Westerhof and G. Elzinga
Laboratory of Physiology, Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The arterial system of mammals in the weight range from 0.6 to 70 kg is characterized by the three-element windkessel, a succinct representation of the arterial tree consisting of the parameters peripheral resistance (Rp), total arterial compliance (C), and aortic characteristic impedance (Zc). The values of these parameters in resting conditions are related to body mass (M). The time constant, or decay time (tau), of the arterial system (defining rate of decay of aortic pressure in diastole), the product of Rp and C, is also evaluated. The dependencies of the heart period (T, inverse of heart rate), and durations of ejection (Ts) and of diastole (Td) in resting conditions are also determined as a function of M. It is found that Rp = Rp0M-0.93; Zc = Zc0M-0.97; and C = C0M+1.23, where Rp0, Zc0, and C0 are proportionality constants. Zc is thus a constant fraction of Rp in all mammals. tau is related to M as tau = tau 0M+0.29; T and Td are related to M as T = T0M+0.27 and Td = Td0M+0.30, where tau 0, T0, and Td0 are proportionality constants. The duration of diastole is thus a constant fraction of T, and the ratios T/tau and Td/tau are independent of M. The findings indicate that arterial input impedance, normalized to aortic Zc and plotted as a function of frequency normalized to heart rate, is similar for all mammals. The finding that the ratio Td/tau is the same in mammals (and Ts/T and stroke volume/M are constant) explains the constancy of pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic pressure).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Burattini and P. O. Di Salvia Development of systemic arterial mechanical properties from infancy to adulthood interpreted by four-element windkessel models J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 66 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Stoyanova, M. Trudel, H. Felfly, D. Garcia, and G. Cloutier Characterization of circulatory disorders in {beta}-thalassemic mice by noninvasive ultrasound biomicroscopy Physiol Genomics, March 14, 2007; 29(1): 84 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. B. Popovic, K. E. Richards, N. L. Greenberg, A. Rovner, J. Drinko, Y. Cheng, M. S. Penn, K. Fukamachi, N. Mal, B. D. Levine, et al. Scaling of diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients is related to filling time duration Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H762 - H769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Segers, D. Georgakopoulos, M. Afanasyeva, H. C. Champion, D. P. Judge, H. D. Millar, P. Verdonck, D. A. Kass, N. Stergiopulos, and N. Westerhof Conductance catheter-based assessment of arterial input impedance, arterial function, and ventricular-vascular interaction in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): H1157 - H1164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. L. M. Rundell, V. Manaves, A. F. Martin, and P. P. de Tombe Impact of {beta}-myosin heavy chain isoform expression on cross-bridge cycling kinetics Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H896 - H903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Burattini and K. B. Campbell Comparative analysis of aortic impedance and wave reflection in ferrets and dogs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H244 - H255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Quick, D. S. Berger, and A. Noordergraaf Constructive and destructive addition of forward and reflected arterial pulse waves Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): H1519 - H1527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Wronski, P. B. Persson, E. Seeliger, A. Harnath, and B. Flemming Coupling of left ventricular and aortic volume elasticity in the rabbit Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): R539 - R547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Jeanclos, N. J. Schork, K. O. Kyvik, M. Kimura, J. H. Skurnick, and A. Aviv Telomere Length Inversely Correlates With Pulse Pressure and Is Highly Familial Hypertension, August 1, 2000; 36(2): 195 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K. Sharp, G. M. Pantalos, L. Minich, L. Y. Tani, E. C. McGough, and J. A. Hawkins Aortic input impedance in infants and children J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2000; 88(6): 2227 - 2239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Georgakopoulos, W. A. Mitzner, C.-H. Chen, B. J. Byrne, H. D. Millar, J. M. Hare, and D. A. Kass In vivo murine left ventricular pressure-volume relations by miniaturized conductance micromanometry Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1416 - H1422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Chemla, J.-L. Hebert, C. Coirault, K. Zamani, I. Suard, P. Colin, and Y. Lecarpentier Total arterial compliance estimated by stroke volume-to-aortic pulse pressure ratio in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 1998; 274(2): H500 - H505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Yoshigi and B. B. Keller Linearity of Pulsatile Pressure-Flow Relations in the Embryonic Chick Vascular System Circ. Res., October 1, 1996; 79(4): 864 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
