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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 263: R703-R707, 1992;
0363-6119/92 $5.00
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AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 263, Issue 3 703-R707, Copyright © 1992 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia

L. Kapas and J. M. Krueger
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.

The enhanced sleep, fever, and anorexia experienced during general infections are attributed to the increased production of cytokines. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have characteristic somnogenic, pyrogenic, and anorectic effects. TNF-beta is closely related to TNF-alpha, and they share common receptors. The effects of TNF-beta on sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (Tbr), and food intake were, however, heretofore unknown. We injected 0.5-200 ng TNF-beta into rabbits intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the light period, and the electroencephalogram, movement, and Tbr were recorded for 6 h from rabbits. The highest dose, 200 ng TNF-beta, induced increases in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and decreases in rapid-eye-movement sleep accompanied with biphasic febrile responses. Icv injection of 100 ng TNF-beta at dark onset suppressed 12-h and 24-h food intake in rats. These data suggest to us that TNF-beta may belong to the group of endogenous pyrogens/sleep factors.


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