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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 266: R1319-R1326, 1994;
0363-6119/94 $5.00
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AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 266, Issue 4 1319-R1326, Copyright © 1994 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Dual core and shell temperature regulation during sea acclimatization in Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua)

E. Dumonteil, H. Barre, J. L. Rouanet, M. Diarra and J. Bouvier
Laboratoire de Thermoregulation et Energetique de l'Exercice, Unite de Recherche Associee 1341 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, France.

Penguins are able to maintain a high and constant body temperature despite a thermally constraining environment. Evidence for progressive adaptation to cold and marine life was sought by comparing body and peripheral skin temperatures, metabolic rate, and thermal insulation in juvenile and adult Gentoo penguins exposed to various ambient temperatures in air (from -30 to +30 degrees C) and water (3-35 degrees C). Juvenile penguins in air showed metabolic and insulative capacities comparable with those displayed by adults. Both had a lower critical temperature (LCT) close to 0 degree C. In both adults and juveniles, the intercept of the metabolic curve with the abscissa at zero metabolic rate was far below body temperature. This was accompanied by a decrease in thermal insulation below LCT, allowing the preservation of a threshold temperature in the shell. However, this shell temperature maintenance was progressively abandoned in immersed penguins as adaptation to marine life developed, probably because of its prohibitive energy cost in water. Thus adaptation to cold air and to cold water does not rely on the same kind of reactions. Both of these strategies fail to follow the classical sequence linking metabolic and insulative reactions in the cold.


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A. Schmidt, F. Alard, and Y. Handrich
Changes in body temperatures in king penguins at sea: the result of fine adjustments in peripheral heat loss?
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): R608 - R618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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