AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 268, Issue 4 896-R901, Copyright © 1995 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Role of epinephrine in TNF and IL-6 production from isolated perfused rat liver

J. Liao, J. A. Keiser, W. E. Scales, S. L. Kunkel and M. J. Kluger
Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

A bidirectional communication exists between the nervous system and the immune system. Evidence has accumulated suggesting that cytokines-immune peptides influence sympathetic neuronal survival and that cytokines can promote the secretion of catecholamines. Using an isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation, we have shown that the liver is an important source of circulating cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that corticosterone dose dependently influenced LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In this study, we investigated the direct effect of epinephrine (another stress hormone) on the production of TNF and IL-6 in liver. We demonstrated that epinephrine (1 microM/ml) alone did not induce TNF bioactivity but significantly increased IL-6 bioactivity from IPRL effluent. When the IPRL was infused with LPS, epinephrine significantly decreased TNF bioactivity. Epinephrine in LPS-treated livers also significantly increased IL-6 bioactivity. Both responses were totally inhibited by the beta-blocker propranolol (10 microM/ml). Anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, infused into the IPRL completely blocked the rise in TNF and IL-6 concentrations in the effluent leaving the IPRL, supporting the hypothesis that the synthesis (or release) of these cytokines was dependent on protein synthesis. We then attempted to determine whether epinephrine exerts similar effects in vitro. Using isolated Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, we found that epinephrine alone had no effect on TNF and IL-6 production in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes but significantly decreased LPS-induced TNF bioactivity and increased LPS-induced IL-6 bioactivity in Kupffer cells. Our data support the hypothesis that epinephrine can promote IL-6 secretion from IPRL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. E. Jie, M. C. Verhaar, M.-J. M. Cramer, K. van der Putten, C. A. J. M. Gaillard, P. A. Doevendans, H. A. Koomans, J. A. Joles, and B. Braam Erythropoietin and the cardiorenal syndrome: cellular mechanisms on the cardiorenal connectors Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): F932 - F944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Deng, K. Muthu, R. Gamelli, R. Shankar, and S. B. Jones Adrenergic modulation of splenic macrophage cytokine release in polymicrobial sepsis Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): C730 - C736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Febbraio, P. Ott, H. B. Nielsen, A. Steensberg, C. Keller, P. Krustrup, N. H. Secher, and B. K. Pedersen Hepatosplanchnic clearance of interleukin-6 in humans during exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2003; 285(2): E397 - E402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. FEBBRAIO and B. K. PEDERSEN Muscle-derived interleukin-6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles FASEB J, September 1, 2002; 16(11): 1335 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. NAKAMURA, E. J. JOHNS, A. IMAIZUMI, Y. YANAGAWA, and T. KOHSAKA Activation of {beta}2-Adrenoceptor Prevents Shiga Toxin 2-Induced TNF-{alpha} Gene Transcription J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2001; 12(11): 2288 - 2299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nakamura, E. J. Johns, A. Imaizumi, Y. Yanagawa, and T. Kohsaka {beta}2-Adrenoceptor agonist suppresses renal tumour necrosis factor and enhances interleukin-6 gene expression induced by endotoxin Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2000; 15(12): 1928 - 1934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. U. Goebel, P. J. Mills, M. R. Irwin, and M. G. Ziegler Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Production After Acute Psychological Stress, Exercise, and Infused Isoproterenol: Differential Effects and Pathways Psychosom Med, July 1, 2000; 62(4): 591 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. GORNIKIEWICZ, T. SAUTNER, C. BROSTJAN, B. SCHMIERER, R. FÜGGER, E. ROTH, F. MÜHLBACHER, and M. BERGMANN Catecholamines up-regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 production in human microvascular endothelial cells FASEB J, June 1, 2000; 14(9): 1093 - 1100. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Yamashita and M. Yamashita Hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates cytokine induction after massive hemorrhage Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2000; 278(5): E811 - E816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. ZHANG, Y. K. KIM, A. GOVINDARAJAN, A. BABA, M. BINNIE, V. MARCO RANIERI, M. LIU, and A. S. SLUTSKY Effect of Adrenoreceptors on Endotoxin-induced Cytokines and Lipid Peroxidation in Lung Explants Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 1999; 160(5): 1703 - 1710. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. S. Moeniralam, E. Endert, M. T. Ackermans, J. J. B. Van Lanschot, H. P. Sauerwein, and J. A. Romijn The opiate sufentanil alters the inflammatory, endocrine, and metabolic responses to endotoxin in dogs Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 1998; 275(3): E440 - E447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. H. Straub, M. Dorner, J. Riedel, M. Kubitza, N. Van Rooijen, B. Lang, J. Scholmerich, and W. Falk Tonic neurogenic inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion from murine spleen caused by opioidergic transmission Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): R997 - R1003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]