AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol 270, Issue 5 1156-R1162, Copyright © 1996 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

An endogenous ATP-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate efflux mechanism in Xenopus laevis oocytes

N. Ballatori, W. Wang, L. Li and A. T. Truong
Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642, USA.

Constitutive efflux mechanisms for reduced glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione S-conjugates S-ethylglutathione (ethyl-SG) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenol)-glutathione (DNP-SG) were examined in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Oocytes were loaded by either microinjection with 50 nl of the 3H-labeled compounds or were exposed to unlabeled 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and efflux of DNP-SG synthesized within the oocytes measured spectrophotometrically. Efflux of unlabeled DNP-SG (approximately 1.2 mM intracellular concentration) and microinjected 0.5 mM [3H]DNP-SG was a linear function of time, with approximately 20% released in 3 h at 25 degrees C. [3H] ethyl-SG, 0.5 mM, was released at a comparable rate, whereas only 4% of a tracer dose of [3H]GSH (2.5 mM intracellular GSH) was released in 3 h. Efflux of all three compounds was temperature sensitive and inhibited after ATP depletion but unaffected when Na+ in the culture medium was replaced with K+ or when the pH was changed from 7.5 to either 6.8 or 8.0. Efflux was saturable, with apparent Michaelis constant values of 0.91 +/- 0.19, 0.44 +/- 0.25, and 5.3 +/- 2.2 mM for DNP-SG, ethyl-SG, and GSH, respectively. Bilirubin ditaurate, 0.5 mM, cis-inhibited efflux of 0.5 mM [3H]DNP-SG, 0.5 mM [3H]ethyl-SG, and 2.5 mM [3H]GSH. DNP-SG and ethyl-SG efflux was also cis-inhibited by other glutathione S-conjugates, 0.25 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, 0.5 mM sulfobromophthalein, and 0.5 mM dibromosulfophthalin, but not by 0.25 mM taurocholate. [3H]GSH release (2.5 mM) was unaffected by these compounds or by 10 mM extracellular GSH or methionine. These findings indicate that Xenopus oocytes have an endogenous ATP-sensitive mechanism for extruding glutathione S-conjugates, with properties comparable to ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate/organic anion transport systems described in a variety of cell types. However, in contrast to mammalian cells, GSH and ethyl-SG release from Xenopus oocytes was also inactivated after cellular ATP depletion but was not sensitive to membrane depolarization in high-K+ medium or trans-stimulated by extracellular GSH, indicating that efflux of these organic anions from Xenopus laevis oocytes is also mediated by an ATP-sensitive mechanism.

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