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1 Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Leiden, 22300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; 2 Guilford, Connecticut 06437; 3 Division of Neuropharmacology, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; and 4 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
Male- and female-specific modes of episodic growth hormone (GH) release are presumptively imposed by sex steroid hormones, and, although typically evident visually, are vividly distinguished quantitatively via a regularity statistic, approximate entropy (ApEn), in both the rat and human. GH secretory patterns may determine GH-stimulated growth and specific hepatic and muscle gene expression in the rat. Consequently, it is important to discern mechanisms that underlie their regulation. Here we have examined the impact of prepubertal gonadal suppression (at 4 wk of age) via surgical or pharmacological [gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist] intervention on the regularity (ApEn) of GH release in male and female rats (at 10-11 wk of age) sampled at 10-min intervals for 10 h (n = 60 points) during a lights-out (dark) period. We observed a graded hierarchy of mean disorderliness of GH release that was quantifiable by ApEn measures, with maximal to minimal disorderliness in the following rank order: intact female, GnRH agonist-treated female, ovariectomized female, orchidectomized male, GnRH agonist-treated male, and intact male. These observations suggest a continuum of sex steroid actions on the regularity of GH secretion and, by inference, on the interplay among GH-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and GH/insulin-like growth factor I negative feedback.
entropy; rodent; pituitary; growth hormone; sex
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