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1 United States Army Research
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
01760-5007; 2 Heller Institute of
Medical Research,
A physiological strain index
(PSI), based on rectal temperature
(Tre) and heart rate (HR),
capable of indicating heat strain online and analyzing existing
databases, has been developed. The index rates the physiological strain
on a universal scale of 0-10. It was assumed that the maximal
Tre and HR rise during exposure to
exercise heat stress from normothermia to hyperthermia was 3°C
(36.5-39.5°C) and 120 beats/min (60-180 beats/min),
respectively. Tre and HR were
assigned the same weight functions as follows: PSI = 5(Tret 
Tre0) · (39.5 Tre0)
1 + 5(HRt HR0) · (180 HR0)1,
where Tret
and HRt are simultaneous
measurements taken at any time during the exposure and
Tre0 and
HR0 are the initial measurements.
PSI was applied to data obtained from 100 men performing exercise in
the heat (40°C, 40% relative humidity; 1.34 m/s at a 2% grade)
for 120 min. A separate database representing seven men wearing
protective clothing and exercising in hot-dry and hot-wet environmental
conditions was applied to test the validity of the present index. PSI
differentiated significantly (P < 0.05) between the two climates. This index has the potential to be
widely accepted and to serve universally after extending its validity to women and other age groups.
heart rate; indexes; rectal temperature
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