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Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
This study
investigated the transformational and posttransformational control of
skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
at three exercise power outputs [35, 65, and 90% of maximal
oxygen uptake
(
O2 max)].
Seven untrained subjects cycled at one power output for 10 min on three
separate occasions, with muscle biopsies at rest and 1 and 10 min of
exercise. Glycogen phosphorylase in the more active
(a) form was not significantly different at any time across power outputs (21.4-29.6%), with the
exception of 90%, where it fell significantly to 15.3% at 10 min. PDH
transformation increased significantly from rest (average 0.53 mmol · kg wet
muscle
1 · min1)
to 1 min of exercise as a function of power output (1.60 ± 0.26, 2.77 ± 0.29, and 3.33 ± 0.31 mmol · kg wet
muscle1 · min1
at 35, 65, and 90%, respectively) with a further significant increase
at 10 min (4.45 ± 0.35) at 90%
O2 max. Muscle
lactate, acetyl-CoA, acetylcarnitine, and free ADP, AMP, and
Pi were unchanged from rest at
35% O2 max but rose
significantly at 65 and 90%, with accumulations at 90% being
significantly higher than 65%. The results of this study indicate that
glycogen phosphorylase transformation is independent of increasing
power outputs, despite increasing glycogenolytic flux, suggesting that
flux through glycogen phosphorylase is matched to the demand for energy
by posttransformational factors, such as free
Pi and AMP. Conversely, PDH
transformation is directly related to the increasing power output and
the calculated flux through the enzyme. The rise in PDH transformation
is likely due to increased Ca2+
concentration and/or increased pyruvate. These results
demonstrate that metabolic signals related to contraction and the
energy state of the cell are sensitive to the exercise intensity and
coordinate the increase in carbohydrate use with increasing power
output.
glycogenolysis; energy state; carbohydrate; transformation; pyruvate dehydrogenase
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