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Physiology Research Section, Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235
Functions of carotid and aortic
baroreflex control of heart rate (HR), cardiopulmonary baroreflex
control of vascular resistance, adrenoreceptor responsiveness, indexes
of baseline vagal and sympathetic tone, circulating blood volume, and
venous compliance were compared in men and women to test the hypothesis
that lower orthostatic tolerance in women would be associated with
lower responsiveness of specific mechanisms of blood pressure
regulation. HR, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output
(
), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central
venous pressure, forearm (FVR) and leg (LVR) vascular resistance,
catecholamines, and changes in leg volume (%
LV) were measured
during various protocols of lower body negative pressure (LBNP),
carotid stimulation, and infusions of adrenoreceptor agonists in 7 females and 10 males matched for age and fitness. LBNP tolerance for
the women (797 ± 63 mmHg/min) was 35% lower
(P = 0.002) than 1,235 ± 101 mmHg/min for the men. At presyncope, SV,
, MAP, and %LV were lower
(P < 0.05) in females compared with
males, whereas HR, FVR, and total peripheral resistance
were similar in both groups. Lower LBNP tolerance in females was
associated with reduced HR response to carotid baroreceptor
stimulation, lower baseline cardiac vagal activity, greater decline in
induced by LBNP, increased
1-adrenoreceptor
responsiveness, greater vasoconstriction under equal LBNP, lower levels
of circulating NE at presyncope, and lower relative blood volume. The
results of this investigation support the hypothesis that women have
less responsiveness in mechanisms that underlie blood pressure
regulation under orthostatic challenge.
baroreflex; orthostasis; orthostatic hypotension; vasoconstriction
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