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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 276: R1-R9, 1999;
0363-6119/99 $5.00
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Vol. 276, Issue 1, R1-R9, January 1999

Nonstationarity and 1/f noise characteristics in heart rate

Berndt Pilgram1,2 and Daniel T. Kaplan3

1 Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6; 2 Institut für Mathematik, Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria; and 3 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105

The power spectrum of human heart rate (HR) measured over 24 h exhibits "power-law" 1/f alpha -type spectral behavior with alpha  approx  1. We investigate possible nonstationarity in time of the exponent alpha  using maximum likelihood estimation, which allows relatively short data segments to be used. Examination of 24-h HR records from ambulatory normal and congestive heart failure (CHF) subjects indicates that the power-law structure of HR is nonstationary. In addition, alpha  varies with time scale and is different for normal (alpha  approx  1) and CHF (alpha  approx  1.5) subjects. Simulations suggest that a possible mechanism underlying the observed power-law spectrum may be a switching between values of alpha  near zero (white noise) and near two (Brownian motion). This mechanism generates power-law forms quantitatively similar to CHF subjects when the switching occurs very rapidly and similar to normal subjects when the switching is less rapid.

power law; control; self-similarity; model; surrogate data


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