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1 School of Biological Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; and 2 Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Marine elasmobranch fishes retain
relatively high levels of urea to balance the osmotic stress of living
in seawater. To maintain osmotic balance and reduce the energetic costs
of making urea, it is important for these animals to minimize urea
excretion to the environment. We have isolated a novel 2.2-kb cDNA from
Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish
shark) kidney encoding a 380-amino acid hydrophobic protein (ShUT) with
66% identity to the rat facilitated urea transporter protein UT-A2.
Injection of ShUT cRNA into Xenopus oocytes induced a 10-fold increase in
14C-labeled urea uptake,
inhibitable by phloretin (0.35 mM). ShUT mRNA is expressed in kidney
and brain. Related mRNA species are found in liver, blood, kidney,
gill, intestine, muscle, and rectal gland. This is the first
facilitated urea transporter to be identified in a marine fish. We
propose that the ShUT protein is involved in urea reabsorption by the
renal tubules of the dogfish shark, which in turn minimizes urea loss
in the urine.
urea excretion; dogfish shark; facilitated urea transport; osmoregulation; kidney
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