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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 276: R745-R752, 1999;
0363-6119/99 $5.00
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Vol. 276, Issue 3, R745-R752, March 1999

Neurogenic origin of articular hyperemia in early degenerative joint disease

Jason J. McDougall1, William R. Ferrell2, and Robert C. Bray1

1 McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1; and 2 Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, University Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom

It has been speculated that joint instability resulting from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture could be exacerbated by changes in vasomotor activity in the remaining supporting structures. In this study, the effect of ACL transection on medial collateral ligament (MCL) basal perfusion and its responsiveness to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and sympathetic adrenergic influences was examined. Using urethan-anesthetized rabbits, we tested the effects of CGRP and its antagonist CGRP-(8---37) by topical application of these agents to the exposed knee while sympathetic influences were tested by electrically stimulating the saphenous nerve. It was found that MCL basal perfusion was elevated in ACL-sectioned joints; however, this effect was abrogated by prior resection of the articular nerve supply. At the doses tested, the normal vasodilator response to CGRP was abolished in ACL-sectioned joints, whereas the response to CGRP-(8---37) was attenuated. Even under the influence of increased constrictor tone, MCL and capsule blood vessels still showed substantially reduced responses to exogenous CGRP administration. By contrast, nerve-mediated constrictor responses were mostly unaffected by joint instability. This study suggests that posttraumatic knee joint hyperemia is neurogenically mediated, possibly by increased secretion of CGRP.

blood flow; knee joint instability; laser-Doppler imaging; ligament; neuropeptides; anterior cruciate ligament


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