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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 276: R1018-R1022, 1999;
0363-6119/99 $5.00
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Vol. 276, Issue 4, R1018-R1022, April 1999

Intracerebroventricular injection of TNF-alpha promotes sleep and is recovered in cervical lymph

Jodi B. Dickstein1, Harvey Moldofsky1, Franklin A. Lue1, and John B. Hay2

1 Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology and 2 Departments of Immunology and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8

Recent studies have shown that the central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the periphery by the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid into blood and lymph. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha would not only influence the CNS by promoting sleep but also would be directly transmitted into the peripheral immune system. Five hundred nanograms of 125I-labeled TNF-alpha were injected into the lateral ventricles of the brain of six sheep and sampled in venous blood and cervical and prescapular lymph every 30 min for 6 h. 125I-TNF-alpha was measured in lymph nodes and control fat, skin, and muscle tissues 6 h postinjection. 125I-TNF-alpha was detected in the cervical lymphatics within the first 30 min and peaked within 2-3 h. 125I-TNF-alpha counts were elevated in the nodes of the head and neck region. Polysomnographic recordings of four animals showed that TNF-alpha induced a significant increase in slow-wave sleep at postinjection hours 4 and 5. CNS TNF-alpha and its direct drainage into the lymphatic system may influence both the sleeping/waking brain and peripheral immune functions.

lymph nodes; lymphatic drainage; cytokine; sheep; slow-wave sleep; tumor necrosis factor-alpha


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