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Department of Medical Psychology, University of Munich Medical School, D-80336 Munich, Germany
With use of a conditioning paradigm, the
ability of six squirrel monkeys to distinguish between 10 pairs of
enantiomers, i.e., odorants that are identical except for chirality,
was investigated. As a group, the animals were only able to
discriminate between the optical isomers of
-pinene,
carvone, limonene, and fenchone, whereas they failed to distinguish
between the (+) and (
) forms of
-citronellol,
menthol, rose oxide, 2-butanol,
-terpineol, and
camphor. With use of a triple forced-choice procedure, 10 human
subjects were tested for their ability to discriminate between the same
enantiomeric odor pairs in parallel and, with the exception of
fenchone, showed a very similar pattern of performance compared with
the squirrel monkeys. These findings support the assumption that human
and nonhuman primates may share common principles of odor quality
perception. Furthermore, the results suggest that, in both species,
enantioselective molecular odor receptors may only exist for some, but
not all volatile enantiomers and thus that chiral recognition of
odorants is not a general phenomenon, but may be restricted to some substances.
olfaction; odor discrimination; enantiomers; chirality; nonhuman primates
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