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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 277: R1562-R1567, 1999;
0363-6119/99 $5.00
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Vol. 277, Issue 6, R1562-R1567, December 1999

The mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, actively transports NH+4 against a concentration gradient

D. J. Randall1, J. M. Wilson1, K. W. Peng2, T. W. K. Kok2, S. S. L. Kuah2, S. F. Chew3, T. J. Lam2, and Y. K. Ip2

2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260; 3 Biology Division, Faculty of Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 259756; and 1 Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Periophthalmodon schlosseri can maintain ammonia excretion rates and low levels of ammonia in its tissues when exposed to 8 and 30 mM NH4Cl, but tissue ammonia levels rise when the fish is exposed to 100 mM NH4Cl in 50% seawater. Because the transepithelial potential is not high enough to maintain the NH+4 concentration gradient between blood and water, ammonia excretion under such a condition would appear to be active. Branchial Na+-K+-ATPase activity is very high and can be activated by physiological levels of NH+4 instead of K+. Ammonia excretion by the fish against a concentration gradient is inhibited by the addition of ouabain and amiloride to the external medium. It is concluded that Na+-K+-ATPase and an Na+/H+ exchanger may be involved in the active excretion of ammonia across the gills. This unique ability of P. schlosseri to actively excrete ammonia is related to the special structure of its gills and allows the fish to continue to excrete ammonia while air exposed or in its burrow.

ammonia; Na+-NH+4-ATPase; ouabain; amiloride


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