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Department of Clinical Physiology, Gustaf V's Research Institute, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
We determined the muscle fiber type-specific
response of intracellular signaling proteins to insulin. Epitrochlearis
(Epi; 15% type I, 20% type IIa, and 65% type IIb),
soleus (84, 16, and 0%), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; 3, 57, and 40%) muscles from Wistar rats were incubated without or with 120 nM insulin (3-40 min). Peak insulin receptor (IR)
tyrosine phosphorylation was reached after 6 (soleus) and 20 (Epi and
EDL) min, with sustained activity throughout insulin exposure (40 min).
Insulin increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 tyrosine
phosphorylation and phosphotyrosine-associated phosphatidylinositol
(PI)-3-kinase activity to a maximal level after 3-10
min, with subsequent downregulation. Akt kinase phosphorylation peaked
at 20 min, with sustained activity throughout insulin exposure.
Importantly, the greatest insulin response for all signaling
intermediates was observed in soleus, whereas the insulin response
between EDL and Epi was similar. Protein expression of the
p85
-subunit of PI 3-kinase and Akt kinase, but not IR, IRS-1, or
IRS-2, was greater in oxidative versus glycolytic muscle. In
conclusion, increased function and/or expression of key proteins in the
insulin-signaling cascade contribute to fiber type-specific differences
in insulin action in skeletal muscle.
insulin receptor; insulin receptor substrate; phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; Akt kinase
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