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Departments of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences and of Psychology, The Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4340
Fasting produces multiple cardiovascular, metabolic, and
behavioral responses. To examine the interrelationship between these responses, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; n = 8)
implanted with cardiovascular telemetry devices were housed in
metabolic chambers at 23°C for 22-h daily measurements of
physiological variables. The experimental apparatus was designed so
that ingestive behavior was detected by photobeams and locomotion was
detected by a load sensor. Cardiovascular and metabolic status were
determined as both a function of the circadian cycle (12-h dark and
10-h light), as well as during periods of inactivity (no ingestion and
minimal locomotion) within the dark and light phases. Data were
obtained during baseline, 48-h of caloric deprivation, and 6 days of
refeeding. Fasting produced significant reductions in mean arterial
pressure (dark: 
9.2 ± 1.3 from 143.7 ± 3.7 mmHg; light: 8.6 ± 1.8 from 140.1 ± 3.7 mmHg), heart rate (dark:
43.4 ± 5.2 from 330.0 ± 5.2 beats/min; light: 27.4 ± 5.2 from 294.0 ± 5.2 beats/min), and oxygen consumption (dark:
5.0 ± 0.6 from 20.6 ± 0.3 ml · min
1 · kg0.75;
light: 2.7 ± 0.2 from 14.9 ± 0.2 ml · min1 · kg0.75). Analysis of inactive periods during both
light and dark phases revealed that these reductions were not dependent
on behavioral effects. We conclude that fasting produces concurrent and
interrelated reductions in cardiovascular and metabolic function in the
SHR. The merging of cardiovascular telemetry, indirect calorimetry, and
behavioral monitoring provides a powerful approach for investigation of
the integrative physiological responses to energetic challenges.
energy balance; hypertension; telemetry; circadian rhythms
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