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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278: R980-R986, 2000;
0363-6119/00 $5.00
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Vol. 278, Issue 4, R980-R986, April 2000

Control of blood pressure mediated by baroreflex changes of heart rate in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus)

Jordi Altimiras and Dane A. Crossley II

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154; and Danish Center for Respiratory Adaptation, Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus 8000, Denmark

Pharmacological manipulation of peripheral resistance via sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine was used to study baroreflex function over the latter two-thirds of incubation in embryonic chickens. From day 9 to day 19 of incubation, there is a positive linear relation between heart rate and blood pressure, indicating the feedforward action of arterial pressure on heart rate. A reciprocal relationship between blood pressure and heart rate became pronounced during the last 3 days of incubation. For the purpose of the study, gain of the baroreflex was calculated as maximal gain (only those embryos that demonstrated the response) or average gain (all embryos). Maximal gain increased progressively from 13 ± 7 beats · min-1 · kPa-1 at 18 days to 105 ± 83 beats · min-1 · kPa-1 in 2-day-old hatchlings. The percentage of embryos older than 18 days with baroreflex responses increased from 33% on day 19 to 56% on day 21, indicating that baroreflex regulation begins late in incubation (~90% incubation time), and the gain of this reflex exhibits a maturation over the final 3 days of incubation.

ontogeny; cardiovascular regulation; negative feedback; baroreflex gain


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