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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279: R1076-R1081, 2000;
0363-6119/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 3, R1076-R1081, September 2000

Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms and energy metabolism after clenbuterol treatment in the rat

P. Rajab1, J. Fox1, S. Riaz2, D. Tomlinson2, D. Ball3, and P. L. Greenhaff1

1 School of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical School, Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham NG7 2UH; 2 Dept. of Pharmacology, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, London E1 4NS; and 3 Muscle and Exercise Physiology Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager ST7 2HL, United Kingdom

Prolonged treatment with the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (1-2 mg · kg body mass-1 · day -1) is known to induce the hypertrophy of fast-contracting fibers and the conversion of slow- to fast-contracting fibers. We investigated the effects of administering a lower dose of clenbuterol (250 µg · kg body mass-1 · day -1) on skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein isoform content and adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, and AMP) concentrations. Male Wistar rats were administered clenbuterol (n = 8) or saline (n = 6) subcutaneously for 8 wk, after which the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were removed. We demonstrated an increase of type IIa MyHC protein content in the soleus from ~0.5% in controls to ~18% after clenbuterol treatment (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in the total adenine nucleotide pool (TAN; ~19%, P < 0.05) and energy charge [E-C = (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP); ~4%; P < 0.05]. In the EDL, a reduction in the content of the less prevalent type I MyHC protein from ~3% in controls to 0% after clenbuterol treatment (P < 0.05) occurred without any alterations in TAN and E-C. These findings demonstrate that the phenotypic changes previously observed in slow muscle after clenbuterol administration at 1-2 mg · kg body mass-1 · day-1 are also observed at a substantially lower dose and are paralleled by concomitant changes in cellular energy metabolism.

beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist; adenosine 5'-triphosphate; energy charge; myosin heavy chain protein composition


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