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1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, 3 Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, 4 Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, 2 Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
Cardiac myocytes
produce nitric oxide (NO). We studied the effects of intense exercise
on the expression of NO synthase (NOS) and the tissue level of nitrite
(NO2
)/nitrate (NO3) (i.e., NOx),
which are stable end products of NO in the heart. Rats ran on a
treadmill for 45 min. Immediately after this exercise, the heart was
quickly removed. Control rats remained at rest during the same 45-min
period. The mRNA level of endothelial NOS (eNOS) in the heart was
markedly lower in the exercised rats than in the control rats. Western
blot analysis confirmed downregulation of eNOS protein in the heart
after exercise. Tissue NOx level in the heart was significantly lower
in the exercised rats than in the control rats. The present study
revealed for the first time that production of NO in the heart is
decreased by intense exercise. Because NO attenuates positive inotropic
and chronotropic responses to 
1-adrenergic stimulation
in the heart, the decrease in cardiac production of NO by intense
exercise may contribute to the acceleration of increase in myocardial
contractility and heart rate during intense exercise.
nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; treadmill running; inotropic effect; chronotropic effect
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