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Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Departments of 1 Internal Medicine and 4 Obstetrics, University Hospital and 3 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Zürich, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland; and 2 Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
The placenta serves, in part, as a
barrier to exclude noxious substances from the fetus. In humans, a
single-layered syncytium of polarized trophoblast cells and the fetal
capillary endothelium separate the maternal and fetal circulations.
P-glycoprotein is present in the syncytiotrophoblast throughout
gestation, consistent with a protective role that limits exposure of
the fetus to hydrophobic and cationic xenobiotics. We have examined
whether members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family are
expressed in term placenta. After screening a placenta cDNA library,
partial clones of MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 were identified.
Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies demonstrated that MRP2
was localized to the apical syncytiotrophoblast membrane. MRP1 and MRP3
were predominantly expressed in blood vessel endothelia with some
evidence for expression in the apical syncytiotrophoblast.
ATP-dependent transport of the anionic substrates
dinitrophenyl-glutathione and estradiol-17-
-glucuronide was also
demonstrated in apical syncytiotrophoblast membranes. Given the
cellular distribution of these transporters, we hypothesize that MRP
isoforms serve to protect fetal blood from entry of organic anions and
to promote the excretion of glutathione/glucuronide metabolites in the
maternal circulation.
placenta transport; human multidrug resistance protein 1; human multidrug resistance protein 2; human multidrug resistance protein 3
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