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1 Minnesota Obesity Center, Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis 55417; and Departments of 2 Medicine and 3 Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Aversive properties of
lithium chloride (LiCl) are mediated via pathways comprising neurons of
the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and oxytocin (OT) and
vasopressin (VP) cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and
supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Because opioids act on brain regions that
mediate effects of LiCl, we evaluated whether administration of opioids
shortly before LiCl in rats influences 1) development of
conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and 2) activation of NTS
neurons and OT/VP cells. Neuronal activation was assessed by applying
c-Fos immunohistochemical staining. Three opioids were used: morphine
(MOR), a µ-agonist, butorphanol tartrate (BT), a mixed
µ/
-agonist, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), which
binds to an ORL1 receptor. BT and N/OFQ completely blocked acquisition
of CTA. MOR alleviated but did not eliminate the aversive effects. Each
of the opioids decreased LiCl-induced activation of NTS neurons as well
as OT and VP cells in the PVN and SON. We conclude that opioids
antagonize aversive properties of LiCl, presumably by suppressing
activation of pathways that encompass OT and VP cells and NTS neurons.
nociceptin/orphanin FQ; morphine; butorphanol tartrate; c-Fos; lithium chloride
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