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1 Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08; 2 Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5578, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Nord, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08; and 3 Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
Total energy expenditure (TEE) of
rats during simulated microgravity is unknown. The doubly labeled water
method (DLW) reliably measures TEE, but the results depend on the
methods of calculation. These methods were validated and appraised by
indirect calorimetry in eight rats during isolation (7 days) and
simulated microgravity (10 days). There were no effects on
CO2 production in the method used to derive constant
flux rates as in the regression models. rCO2
estimates were dependent on the assumed fractionation processes, the
derivation of constant flux rate methods, and the selected pool models.
Use of respiratory or food quotients did not influence TEE estimations,
which were similar during isolation and simulation. During either
isolation with growth or simulation with a stabilized mass, the
one-pool model of Speakman (Speakman JR. Doubly Labelled Water. Theory and Practice. London: Chapman and Hall, 1997)
resulted in the more reliable validation (0.8 ± 2.2 and 2.2 ± 3.4% vs. calorimetry, respectively). However, during simulation,
agreement was also observed with the single pool model of Lifson
(Lifson N, Gordon GB, and McClintock R. J Appl Physiol
7: 704-710, 1955) (
2.5 ± 2.5%), and two two-pool
models [Schoeller (Schoeller DA. J Nutr 118:
1278-1289, 1988) (0.5 ± 3.1%) and Speakman (Speakman, JR.
Doubly Labelled Water. Theory and Practice. London: Chapman and Hall, 1997) (1.9 ± 2.7%)]. This latter finding seems
linked to the stable body mass and to fractionation consideration close to the single-pool model of Speakman. During isolation or
simulated microgravity, the other equations underestimated TEE by
10-20%.
deuterium; 18-oxygen; energy expenditure; isolation; indirect calorimetry; microgravity
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