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1 Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg; and 2 Institut für Physiologie, Universität Hamburg, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
Autonomic
cardiovascular control was characterized in conscious, chronically
catheterized mice by spectral analysis of arterial pressure (AP) and
heart rate (HR) during autonomic blockade or baroreflex modulation of
autonomic tone. Both spectra were similar to those obtained in humans,
but at ~10× higher frequencies. The 1/f relation of the
AP spectrum changed to a more shallow slope below 0.1-0.2 Hz.
Coherence between AP and HR reached 0.5 or higher below 0.3-0.4 Hz
and also above 2.5 Hz. Muscarinic blockade (atropine) or 
-adrenergic
blockade (atenolol) did not significantly affect the AP spectrum.
Atropine reduced HR variability at all frequencies, but this effect
waned above 1 Hz. -Adrenergic blockade (atenolol) slightly enhanced
the HR variability only above 1 Hz. 
-Adrenergic blockade (prazosin)
reduced AP variability between 0.05 and 3 Hz, most prominently at
0.15-0.7 Hz. A shift of the autonomic nervous tone by a
hypertensive stimulus (phenylephrine) enhanced, whereas a hypotensive
stimulus (nitroprusside) depressed AP variability at 1-3 Hz; other
frequency ranges of the AP spectrum were not affected except for a
reduction below 0.4 Hz after nitroprusside. Variability of HR was
enhanced after phenylephrine at all frequencies and reduced after
nitroprusside. As with atropine, the reduction with nitroprusside waned
above 1 Hz. In conclusion, in mice HR variability is dominated by
parasympathetic tone at all frequencies, during both blockade and
physiological modulation of autonomic tone. There is a limitation for
further reduction but not for augmentation of HR variability from the
resting state above 1 Hz. The impact of HR on AP variability in mice is
confined to frequencies higher than 1 Hz. Limits between frequency
ranges are proposed as 0.15 Hz between VLF (very low frequency range) and LF (low frequency range) and 1.5 Hz between LF and HF (high frequency range).
blood pressure; heart rate; spectral analysis; variability; conscious mouse
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