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Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
We
developed an in vitro preparation to investigate shape and stress
distribution in the intact rat diaphragm. Our hypothesis was that the
diaphragm is anisotropic with smaller compliance in transverse fiber
direction than along fibers, and therefore shape change may be small.
After the animals were killed (8 rats), the entire diaphragm was
excised and fixed into a mold at the insertions. Oxygenated
Krebs-Ringer solution was circulated under the diaphragm and perfused
over its surface. A total of 20-23 small markers were sutured on
the diaphragm surface. At transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi)
of 3-15 cmH2O, curvature was smaller in transverse direction than along fibers. Using finite element analysis we computed
membrane tension. At Pdi of 15 cmH2O, tension
in central tendon was larger than muscle. In costal region maximum
principal tension (
1) is essentially along the fibers
and ranged from 6-10 g/cm. Minimum principal tension
(2) was 0.3-4 g/cm. In central tendon,
1 was 10-15 g/cm, compared with 4-10 g/cm for
2. The diaphragm was considerably stiffer in transverse
fiber direction than along the fibers.
respiratory muscle mechanics; finite element modeling; in vitro mechanics; membrane mechanics.
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