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Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 - 0623
Maximal
citrate synthase activity (CS) is routinely used as a marker of aerobic
capacity and mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. However,
reported CS has been notoriously variable, even with similar
experimental protocols and sampling from the same muscles. Exercise
training has resulted in increases in CS ranging from 0 to 100%.
Previously, it has been reported that acute exercise may significantly
affect CS. To investigate the hypothesis that the large variation in CS
that occurs with training is influenced by alterations during the
exercise itself, we studied CS in human vastus lateralis both in the
rested and acutely exercised state while trained and untrained
(n = 6). Tissues obtained from four biopsies (untrained
rested, untrained acutely exercised, trained rested, and trained
acutely exercised) were analyzed spectrophotometrically for maximal CS.
Exercise training measured in a rested state resulted in an 18.2%
increase in CS (12.3 ± 0.3 to 14.5 ± 0.3 µmol · min
1 · g tissue1,
P 
0.05). However, even greater increases were recorded
1 h after acute exercise: 49.4% in the untrained state (12.3 ± 0.3 to 18.3 ± 0.5 µmol · min1 · g tissue1,
P 0.05) and 50.8% in the trained state (14.5 ± 0.3 to 21.8 ± 0.4 µmol · min1 · g
tissue1, P 0.05). Ultrastructural
analysis, by electron microscopy, supported an effect of acute exercise
with the finding of numerous swollen mitochondria 1 h after
exercise that may result in greater access to the CS itself in the CS
assay. In conclusion, although unexplained, the increased CS with acute
exercise can clearly confound training responses and artificially
elevate CS values. Therefore, the timing of muscle sampling relative to
the last exercise session is critical when measuring CS and offers an
explanation for the large variation in CS previously reported.
knee-extensor exercise; exercise training; lidocaine
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