A reduction in the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels inhibits reproduction. Forty-eight hours of metabolic fuel deprivation inhibits estrous behavior in ovariectomized, steroid-treated Syrian hamsters, but little is known about the time course of this inhibition. Likewise, refeeding reverses deprivation-induced suppression, but the rate of recovery has not been examined. In two experiments we determined 1) the rate at which estrous behavior declines in hamsters treated with metabolic inhibitors and 2) how rapidly sexual receptivity is restored when hamsters are refed after a 48-h fast. We also measured circulating levels of leptin and insulin in an attempt to determine their relationship to the inhibition and restoration of estrous behavior. More than 24 h of metabolic inhibitor administration were required to inhibit lordosis, whereas only 6 h of refeeding were sufficient to restore the display of sexual receptivity to normal levels. Neither plasma insulin nor leptin levels paralleled the changes in estrous behavior. We concluded that 1) suppression of estrous behavior occurs more slowly than recovery after a fast and 2) changes in circulating leptin and insulin probably do not have a critical role in these behavioral changes.