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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280: R1727-R1735, 2001;
0363-6119/01 $5.00
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Vol. 280, Issue 6, R1727-R1735, June 2001

Enhanced expression and release of C-type natriuretic peptide in freshwater eels

Yoshio Takei1, Koji Inoue1, Kenji Ando2, Tsuyoshi Ihara3, Takeshi Katafuchi3, Masahide Kashiwagi3, and Shigehisa Hirose3

1 Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164 - 8639; 2 Nippon Paint Company Limited, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140 - 8675; and 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226 - 8501, Japan

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is recognized as a paracrine factor acting locally in the brain and periphery. To assess the role of CNP in teleost fish, a cDNA encoding a CNP precursor was initially cloned from the eel brain. CNP message subsequently detected by ribonuclease protection assay, using the cDNA as probe, was most abundant in the brain followed by liver, gut, gills, and heart. Expression was generally higher in freshwater (FW) than in seawater (SW) eels, but not in the brain. Plasma CNP concentration measured by a newly developed homologous radioimmunoassay for eel CNP was higher in FW than in SW eels. The CNP concentration was also higher in the heart of FW eels but not in the brain. These results show that CNP is abundantly synthesized in peripheral tissues of FW eels and secreted constitutively into the circulation. Therefore, CNP is a circulating hormone as well as a paracrine factor in eels. Together with our previous demonstration that CNP-specific receptor expression is enhanced in FW eels, it appears that CNP is a hormone important for FW adaptation. Because atrial NP (ANP) promotes SW adaptation in eels, CNP and ANP, despite high sequence identity, appear to have opposite effects on environmental adaptation of the euryhaline fish.

cDNA cloning of eel CNP; natriuretic peptide family; tissue distribution of CNP mRNA; radioimmunoassay of eel CNP; osmoregulation


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