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cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: effects of
seawater and smolting
Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Biological Resources Division, United States Geological Survey, Turners Falls 01376, and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
Na+-K+-2Cl
cotransporter abundance and location was examined in the gills of
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during seawater acclimation and smolting. Western blots revealed three bands centered at 285, 160, and 120 kDa. The Na+-K+-2Cl
cotransporter was colocalized with
Na+-K+-ATPase to chloride cells on both the
primary filament and secondary lamellae. Parr acclimated to 30 parts
per thousand seawater had increased gill
Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter
abundance, large and numerous
Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter
immunoreactive chloride cells on the primary filament, and reduced
numbers on the secondary lamellae. Gill
Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter levels
were low in presmolts (February) and increased 3.3-fold in smolts
(May), coincident with elevated seawater tolerance. Cotransporter
levels decreased below presmolt values in postsmolts in freshwater
(June). The size and number of immunoreactive chloride cells on the
primary filament increased threefold during smolting and decreased in
postsmolts. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity and
Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter
abundance increased in parallel during both seawater acclimation and
smolting. These data indicate a direct role of the
Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter in salt
secretion by gill chloride cells of teleost fish.
Salmo salar; chloride cells; teleost; osmoregulation; Na+-K+-ATPase
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