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-MSH in the regulation of consummatory behavior:
immunohistochemical evidence
1 Minnesota Obesity Center, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis 55417; Departments of 2 Medicine and 3 Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455; and 4 Bethel College, Arden Hills, Minnesota 55112
Central injection of
-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) decreases food intake,
suggesting a role for this peptide in the mediation of satiety.
Inasmuch as -MSH also supports the development of taste aversions
under certain conditions, the nature of its influence on ingestive
behavior, i.e., whether it is related to satiety or aversion, remains
unclear. In the present studies, we used immunostaining, including that
for c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, to further substantiate
the physiological role for -MSH in the regulation of consummatory
behavior. We found that an increase in activation of -MSH neurons in
the arcuate nucleus coincided with meal termination. Administration of
powerful aversive agents, LiCl and CuSO4, did not stimulate
-MSH cells but did induce pronounced activation of oxytocin (OT) and
vasopressin (VP) neurons, the final components of circuitry mediating
aversion. We observed fewer Fos-positive OT/VP neurons after -MSH
injection into the lateral ventricle or into the hypothalamic
paraventricular nucleus, treatments that cause mild or no aversion,
respectively. The degree of activation of OT/VP neurons paralleled the
magnitude of aversive response to a given treatment. Our data support
the hypothesis that, in the arcuate nucleus, -MSH acts as a satiety mediator independent from aversion-related mechanisms.
melanocortins; feeding; c-Fos; taste aversion; hypothalamus
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