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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281: R828-R838, 2001;
0363-6119/01 $5.00
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Vol. 281, Issue 3, R828-R838, September 2001

Interleukin-18 promotes sleep in rabbits and rats

Takeshi Kubota, Jidong Fang, Richard A. Brown, and James M. Krueger

Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164 - 6520

Interleukin (IL)-1beta is involved in physiological sleep regulation. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family, and its signal-transduction mechanism is similar to that of IL-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-18 might also be involved in sleep regulation. Three doses of IL-18 (10, 100, and 500 ng) were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) into rabbits at the onset of the dark period. The two higher doses of IL-18 markedly increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), accompanied by increases in brain temperature (Tbr). These effects were lost after the heat inactivation of IL-18. The 500 ng of IL-18 injection during the light period also increased NREMS and Tbr. Similar results were obtained after icv injection of 100 ng of IL-18 into rats. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of 30 µg/kg of IL-18 slightly, but significantly, increased NREMS, whereas it significantly decreased electroencephalogram slow-wave activity in rats. Intraperitoneal IL-18 failed to induce fever. An anti-human IL-18 antibody had little effect on spontaneous sleep in rabbits, although the anti-IL-18 antibody significantly attenuated muramyl dipeptide-induced sleep. These data suggest that IL-18 is involved in mechanisms of sleep responses to infection.

electroencephalogram; cytokine; muramyl dipeptide


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