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Departments of 1 Anesthesiology and 2 Neuroscience and Anatomy, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850
The release of vasopressin and oxytocin from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons is tonically regulated by excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synaptic inputs. Acetylcholine is known to excite SON neurons and to elicit vasopressin release. Cholinergic receptors are located pre- and postsynaptically in the SON, but their functional significance in the regulation of SON neurons is not fully understood. In this study, we determined the role of presynaptic cholinergic receptors in regulation of the excitatory glutamatergic inputs to the SON neurons. The magnocellular neurons in the rat hypothalamic slices were identified microscopically, and the spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. The mEPSCs were abolished by the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (20 µM). Acetylcholine (100 µM) significantly increased the frequency of mEPSCs of 38 SON neurons from 1.87 ± 0.36 to 3.42 ± 0.54 Hz but did not alter the amplitude (from 19.61 ± 0.90 to 19.34 ± 0.84 pA) and the decay time constant of mEPSCs. Furthermore, the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (10 µM, n = 16), but not the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (100 µM, n = 12), abolished the excitatory effect of acetylcholine on the frequency of mEPSCs. These data provide new information that the excitatory effect of acetylcholine on the SON neurons is mediated, at least in part, by its effect on presynaptic glutamate release. Activation of presynaptic nicotinic, but not muscarinic, receptors located in the glutamatergic terminals increases the excitatory synaptic input to the SON neurons of the hypothalamus.
vasopressin; cholinergic receptors; muscarinic receptors; glutamate; synapse; magnocellular neurons
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