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1 Laboratory of Muscle, Sarcopenia, and Muscle Diseases, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9227; and 2 Department of Physiology, University of Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
The
objective of this study was to determine if levels of repressors to
myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) differ between muscles from young
adult and aged animals. Total RNA from plantaris, gastrocnemius, and
soleus muscles of Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats aged 9 mo
(young adult, n = 10) and 37 mo (aged,
n = 10) was reverse transcribed and then amplified by
PCR. To obtain a semiquantitative measure of the mRNA levels, PCR
signals were normalized to cyclophilin or 18S signals from the
corresponding reverse transcription product. Normalization to
cyclophilin and 18S gave similar results. The mRNA levels of MyoD and
myogenin were ~275-650% (P < 0.001) and
~500-1,100% (P < 0.001) greater, respectively,
in muscles from aged compared with young adults. In contrast, the
protein levels were lower in plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles and
similar in the soleus muscle of aged vs. young adult rats. Id repressor
mRNA levels were ~300-900% greater in fast and slow muscles of
aged animals (P 
0.02), and Mist 1 mRNA was ~50%
greater in the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles (P < 0.01). The mRNA level of Twist mRNA was not significantly
affected by aging. Id-1, Id-2, and Id-3 protein levels were
~17-740% greater (P < 0.05) in hindlimb
muscles of aged rats compared with young adult rats. The elevated
levels of Id mRNA and protein suggest that MRF repressors may play a
role in gene regulation of fast and slow muscles in aged rats.
sarcopenia; muscle atrophy; transcription factors; E proteins; repressors of transcription
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