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DEVELOPMENT AND TISSUE PLASTICITY

Maturation-dependent changes of angiotensin receptor expression in fowl

¹Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; ²Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 36 and College de France, 75005 Paris, France; and ³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Submitted 14 August 2002 ; accepted in final form 16 March 2003

An angiotensin (ANG) receptor homologous to the type 1 receptor (AT₁) has been cloned in chickens (cAT₁). We investigated whether cAT₁ expression in various tissues shows maturation/age-dependent changes. cAT₁ mRNA levels detected in renal glomeruli [in situ hybridization (ISH)] and kidney extract (RT-PCR) are significantly (P < 0.01) higher in 19-day embryos (EB) than in chicks (CH, 2–3 wk) and pullets/cockerels (PL/CK, 14–16 wk). The levels in adrenal glands (concentrated in subcapsular regions) are high in EB and further increased in CH and PL/CK. cAT₁ mRNA is also detectable in smooth muscle (SM)/adventitia of EB and CH aorta and in the adventitia, but not SM, from PL/CK aortas. The endothelia from small arteries and arterioles, but not from aorta, express cAT₁ mRNA (ISH). In all age groups, ANG II induces profound endothelium-dependent relaxation of abdominal aorta, partly (37–47%) inhibitable (P < 0.01) by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10^-4 M), suggesting the presence of ANG receptor in endothelium. L-NAME-resistant ANG II relaxation, examined in a limited number of EB or CH aortas, was reduced by 125 mM K⁺ or apamin plus charybdotoxin. The results suggest that 1) cAT₁ is present in kidney, adrenal gland, and vascular endothelium (heterogeneity exists among arteries) of EB, CH, and PL/CK, and in aortic SM/adventitia of EB/CH but only in adventitia of PL/CK; 2) levels of cAT₁ gene expression change during maturation in a tissue-specific manner; and 3) ANG II-induced relaxation may be partly attributable to nitric oxide and potassium channel activation.

angiotensin receptor subtype; angiotensin receptor mRNA; endothelium-dependent relaxation; chick embryo; endothelium-derived relaxation factor; endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor; potassium channel

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