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INFLAMMATION, CYTOKINES, AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION
1Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4; and 2Divisions of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
Submitted 3 April 2003 ; accepted in final form 16 June 2003
Our objective was to test the hypothesis that endothelial selectins, P and E selectins, are necessary for leukocyte migration after muscle injury from unloading/reloading. Mice hindlimbs were suspended for 10 days followed by reloading periods of 6 or 24 h after which the soleus muscle was dissected. Light microscopic observations showed that macrophages, but not neutrophils, were able to invade soleus muscles in mice deficient in P/E selectins (P/E-/-) during reloading periods. The recruitment efficiency of neutrophils after 6 and 24 h of reloading was minimal in P/E-/- mice relative to unloaded animals. The recruitment of macrophages in the soleus muscle was preserved in P/E-/- mice. The concentration of macrophages increased by 8.1-fold compared with unloaded muscles in double-mutant mice after 24 h of reloading. The accumulation of macrophages in reloaded muscles did not lead to fiber necrosis. Together, these findings indicate that macrophages can invade skeletal muscle through cellular mechanisms that do not involve P/E selectins during skeletal muscle reloading.
muscle inflammation; mechanical stress; hindlimb suspension
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