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ENVIRONMENTAL, EXERCISE AND RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
Submitted 1 December 2003 ; accepted in final form 7 May 2004
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the contractile properties of individual myofibers in response to periodized training periods throughout a collegiate cross-country season in male runners. Muscle biopsies of the gastrocnemius were taken after a summer base training phase (T1), an 8-wk intense training period (T2), and a 4-wk taper phase (T3). Five runners (n = 5; age = 20 ± 1 yr; wt = 65 ± 4 kg; ht = 178 ± 3 cm) completed all three time points. A total of 328 individual muscle fibers [myosin heavy chain (MHC) I = 66%; MHC IIa = 33%; hybrids = 1%] were isolated and studied at 15°C for their contractile properties. Diameter of MHC I fibers was 3% smaller (P < 0.05) at T2 compared with T1 and an additional 4% smaller (P < 0.05) after the taper. Cell size was unaltered in the MHC IIa fibers. MHC I and IIa fiber strength increased 18 and 11% (P < 0.05), respectively, from T1 to T2. MHC I fibers produced 9% less force (P < 0.05) after the taper, whereas MHC IIa fibers were 9% stronger (P < 0.05). Specific tension increased 38 and 26% (P < 0.05) for MHC I and IIa fibers, respectively, from T1 to T2 and was unchanged with the taper. Maximal shortening velocity (Vo) of the MHC I fibers decreased 23% (P < 0.05) from T1 to T2 and 17% (P < 0.05) from T2 to T3, whereas MHC IIa Vo was unchanged. MHC I peak power decreased 20% (P < 0.05) from T1 to T2 and 25% (P < 0.05) from T2 to T3, whereas MHC IIa peak power was unchanged. Power corrected for cell size decreased 15% (P < 0.05) from T2 to T3 and was 24% (P < 0.05) lower at T3 compared with T1 for the MHC I fibers only. These data suggest that changes in run training alter myocellular physiology via decreases in fiber size, Vo, and power of MHC I fibers and through increases in force per cross-sectional area of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
myofiber; myosin heavy chain; fiber type; slow and fast twitch
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