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Fetal Physiological Programming

High-unsaturated-fat, high-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet during pregnancy and lactation modulates hepatic lipid metabolism in female adult offspring

¹Endocrinology & Metabolism Sub-Division, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, CF92, Central Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton; and ²Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology Sub-Division, DOHaD Division, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

Submitted 28 May 2004 ; accepted in final form 10 August 2004

Whether a high-unsaturated-fat, high-protein (HFP), and low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet during gestation has long-lasting beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in the offspring was investigated using a mouse model. Female mice were fed either a standard (CHO rich) chow diet or a CHO HFP diet, before and during gestation and lactation. All offspring were weaned onto the same chow until adulthood. Although liver cholesterol concentration and fasting plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and free fatty acid concentrations were not affected in either male or female HFP offspring, hepatic TG concentration was reduced by 51% (P < 0.05) in the female adult offspring from dams on the HFP diet, compared with females from dams on the chow diet (a trend toward reduced TG concentration was also observed in the male). Furthermore, hepatic protein levels for CD36, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor- (PPAR-) were increased by 46% (P < 0.001), 52% (P < 0.001), and 14% (P = 0.035), respectively, in the female HFP offspring. Liver TG levels were negatively correlated with protein levels of CD 36 (r = –0.69, P = 0.007), CPT-1 (r = –0.55, P = 0.033), and PPAR- (r = –0.57, P = 0.025) in these offspring. In conclusion, a maternal HFP diet during gestation and lactation reduces hepatic TG concentration in female offspring, which is linked with increased protein levels in fatty acid oxidation.

gestation; programming

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