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ENVIRONMENTAL, EXERCISE AND RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

Energetics of high-speed running: integrating classical theory and contemporary observations

¹Locomotion Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, Texas; ²Concord Field Station, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Bedford, Massachusetts; ³United States Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, Natick, Massachusetts; ⁴Flight Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana; and ⁵Center for Human Performance, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas

Submitted 15 September 2004 ; accepted in final form 26 November 2004

We hypothesized that the anaerobic power and aerobic power outputs during all-out runs of any common duration between 10 and 150 s would be proportional to the maximum anaerobic (_an-max) and aerobic powers (_aer-max) available to the individual runner. Seventeen runners who differed in _an-max and _aer-max (5 sprinters, 5 middle-distance runners, and 7 long distance runners) were tested during treadmill running on a 4.6° incline. _an-max was estimated from the fastest treadmill speed subjects could attain for eight steps. _aer-max was determined from a progressive, discontinuous, treadmill test to failure. Oxygen deficits and rates of uptake were measured to assess the respective anaerobic and aerobic power outputs during 11–16 all-out treadmill runs that elicited failure between 10 and 220 s. We found that, during all-out runs of any common duration, the relative anaerobic and aerobic powers utilized were largely the same for sprint, middle-distance, and long-distance subjects. The similar fractional utilization of the _an-max and _aer-max available during high-speed running 1) provides empirical values that modify and advance classic theory, 2) allows rates of anaerobic and aerobic energy release to be quantified from individual maxima and run durations, and 3) explains why the high-speed running performances of different event specialists can be accurately predicted (R² = 0.97; n = 254) from two direct measurements and the same exponential time constant.

anaerobic power; aerobic power; locomotion; metabolism; skeletal muscle

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