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Sex Differences in Renal and Cardiovascular Function: Physiology and Pathophysiology

Sex-related effects on venous compliance and capillary filtration in the lower limb

¹Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and ²Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden

Submitted 6 June 2006 ; accepted in final form 5 October 2006

Recent studies in humans have suggested sex differences in venous compliance of the lower limb, with lower compliance in women. Capillary fluid filtration could, however, be a confounder in the evaluation of venous compliance. The venous capacitance and capillary filtration response in the calves of 12 women (23.2 ± 0.5 years) and 16 men (22.9 ± 0.5 years) were studied during 8 min lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of 11, 22, and 44 mmHg. Calf venous compliance is dependent on pressure and was determined using the first derivative of a quadratic regression equation that described the capacitance-pressure relationship [compliance = ₁ + (2·₂· transmural pressure)]. We found a lower venous compliance in women at low transmural pressures, and the venous capacitance in men was increased (P < 0.05). However, the difference in compliance between sexes was reduced and not seen at higher transmural pressures. Net capillary fluid filtration and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) were greater in women than in men during LBNP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, calf volume increase (capacitance response + total capillary filtration) during LBNP was equivalent in both sexes. When total capillary filtration was not subtracted from the calf capacitance response in the calculation of venous compliance, the sex differences disappeared, emphasizing that venous compliance measurement should be corrected for the contribution of CFC.

lower body negative pressure; capillary filtration coefficient; venous capacitance

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