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APPETITE, OBESITY, DIGESTION, AND METABOLISM

Increased 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver and adipose tissue of rat offspring exposed to alcohol in utero

Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of ¹Internal Medicine and ²Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Submitted 13 April 2006 ; accepted in final form 17 November 2006

Rat offspring prenatally exposed to alcohol display features of metabolic syndrome characterized by a low birth weight, catch-up growth, dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes with increased gluconeogenesis, during adult life. Gluconeogenesis is partly regulated by cyclic AMP- and glucocorticoid-dependent mechanisms. Glucocorticoid action at the receptor level depends on its circulating concentrations and is amplified at the prereceptor level by 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-HSD1), which regenerates active glucocorticoids from inactive forms. To determine whether 11-HSD1 is dysregulated in this rat model, we examined the expression and enzyme activity of 11-HSD1 and its regulator enzyme hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) in the liver of postnatal day 7 (neonatal) and 3-mo-old (adult) rat offspring prenatally exposed to alcohol. Measurements of 11-HSD1 and H6PD were also performed in the omental fat of adult rat offspring. In both neonatal and adult rats, prenatal alcohol exposure resulted in increased tissue corticosterone concentrations, increased expression, and oxoreductase activity of 11-HSD1, and a parallel increase of H6PD expression. The data suggest that due to both transcriptional and posttranscriptional dysregulations, rats exposed to alcohol early in life have increased 11-HSD1 activity, which may explain insulin-resistant diabetes in these animals later in life.

prenatal exposure; programming

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