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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 294/1/R246    most recent 00570.2007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hetem, R. S. Articles by Fuller, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hetem, R. S. Articles by Fuller, A.

SLEEP AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION

Fever and sickness behavior during an opportunistic infection in a free-living antelope, the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros)

¹Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; ²Physiology, School of Biomedical and Chemical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and ³Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Submitted 8 August 2007 ; accepted in final form 23 October 2007

To study their thermal responses to climatic stress, we implanted seven greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) with intra-abdominal, brain, carotid, and subcutaneous temperature data loggers, as well as an activity logger. Each animal was also equipped with a collar holding a miniature black globe thermometer, which we used to assess thermoregulatory behavior. The kudu ranged freely within succulent thicket vegetation of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The kudu spontaneously developed a bacterial pneumonia and consequent fever that lasted between 6 and 10 days. The fever was characterized by a significant increase in mean 24-h abdominal temperature from 38.9 ± 0.2°C to 40.2 ± 0.4°C (means ± SD, t₆ = 11.01, P < 0.0001), although the amplitude of body temperature rhythm remained unchanged (t₆ = 1.18, P = 0.28). Six of the kudu chose warmer microclimates during the fever than when afebrile (P < 0.0001). Despite the selection of a warmer environment, on the first day of fever, the abdominal-subcutaneous temperature difference was significantly higher than on afebrile days (t₅ = 3.06, P = 0.028), indicating vasoconstriction. Some kudu displayed increased frequency of selective brain cooling during the fever, which would have inhibited evaporative heat loss and increased febrile body temperatures, without increasing the metabolic maintenance costs of high body temperatures. Average daily activity during the fever decreased to 60% of afebrile activity (t₆ = 3.46, P = 0.014). We therefore have recorded quantitative evidence for autonomic and behavioral fever, as well as sickness behavior, in the form of decreased activity, in a free-living ungulate species.

selective brain cooling; thermoregulation