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SLEEP AND TEMPERATURE REGULATION

Sleep-dependent changes in the coupling between heart period and blood pressure in human subjects

¹Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Generale and ²Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Submitted 17 October 2007 ; accepted in final form 12 February 2008

We investigated whether in human subjects, the pattern of coupling between the spontaneous fluctuations of heart period (HP) and those of systolic blood pressure (SBP) differs among wake-sleep states. Polysomnographic recordings and finger blood pressure measurements were performed for 48 h in 15 nonobese adults without sleep-disordered breathing. The cross-correlation function (CCF) between the fluctuations of HP and SBP at frequencies <0.15 Hz was computed during quiet wakefulness (QW), light (stages 1 and 2) and deep (stages 3 and 4) nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS), and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). A positive correlation between HP and the previous SBP values, which is the expected result of baroreflex feedback control, was observed in the sleep states but not in QW. In deep NREMS, the maximum CCF value was significantly higher than in any other state, suggesting the greatest baroreflex contribution to the coupling between HP and SBP. A negative correlation between HP and the subsequent SBP values was also observed in each state, consistent with the mechanical feed-forward action of HP on SBP and with central autonomic commands. The contribution of these mechanisms to the coupling between HP and SBP, estimated from the minimum CCF value, was significantly lower in deep NREMS than either in light NREMS or QW. These results indicate that the pattern of coupling between HP and SBP at low frequencies differs among wake-sleep states in human subjects, with deep NREMS entailing the highest feedback contribution of the baroreflex and a low effectiveness of feed-forward mechanisms.

feedback and feed-forward mechanisms; baroreflex; central autonomic commands; cross-correlation analysis; sequence technique

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Silvani, S. Bastianini, C. Berteotti, C. Franzini, P. Lenzi, V. Lo Martire, and G. Zoccoli Sleep Modulates Hypertension in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice Hypertension, February 1, 2009; 53(2): 251 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Trinder Cardiovascular control during sleep: "Sleep-dependent changes in the coupling between heart period and blood pressure in human subjects," by Silvani et al. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): R1684 - R1685. [Full Text] [PDF]