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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 294/5/R1752    most recent 00748.2007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Nagra, G. Articles by Johnston, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Nagra, G. Articles by Johnston, M.

WATER AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS

Impaired lymphatic cerebrospinal fluid absorption in a rat model of kaolin-induced communicating hydrocephalus

¹Neuroscience Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ²Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; ³Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, University Health Center, Detroit, Michigan; ⁴Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center L4-120, Stony Brook, New York; and ⁵DNA Sequencing and Analysis Facility, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan

Submitted 16 October 2007 ; accepted in final form 27 February 2008

It has been assumed that the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus includes a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption deficit. Because a significant portion of CSF absorption occurs into extracranial lymphatics located in the olfactory turbinates, the purpose of this study was to determine whether CSF transport was compromised at this location in a kaolin-induced communicating (extraventricular) hydrocephalus model in rats. Under 1–3% halothane anesthesia, kaolin (n = 10) or saline (n = 9) was introduced into the basal cisterns of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the development of hydrocephalus was assessed 1 wk later using MRI. After injection of human serum albumin (¹²⁵I-HSA) into a lateral ventricle, the tracer enrichment in the olfactory turbinates 30 min postinjection provided an estimate of CSF transport through the cribriform plate into nasal lymphatics. Lateral ventricular volumes in the kaolin group (0.073 ± 0.014 ml) were significantly greater than those in the saline-injected animals (0.016 ± 0.001 ml; P = 0.0014). The CSF tracer enrichment in the olfactory turbinates (expressed as percent injected/g tissue) in the kaolin rats averaged 0.99 ± 0.39 and was significantly lower than that measured in the saline controls (5.86 ± 0.32; P < 0.00001). The largest degree of ventriculomegaly was associated with the lowest levels of lymphatic CSF uptake with lateral ventricular expansion occurring only when almost all of the lymphatic CSF transport capacity had been compromised. We conclude that lymphatic CSF absorption is impaired in a kaolin-communicating hydrocephalus model and that the degree of this impediment may contribute to the severity of the induced disease.

extraventricular hydrocephalus; ventriculomegaly; cribriform plate; olfactory turbinates; arachnoid villi and granulations; lymph; intracranial pressure