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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R1-R7, 2008. First published April 30, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00926.2007
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Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Factors

Inflammation is associated with a decrease of lipogenic factors in omental fat in women

Odile Poulain-Godefroy,1 Cécile Lecoeur,1 François Pattou,2 Gema Frühbeck,3 and Philippe Froguel1,4

1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; 2Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ERIT-M 0106, Lille, France; 3Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; and 4Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom

Submitted 27 December 2007 ; accepted in final form 30 April 2008

Obesity is characterized by systemic low-grade inflammation in which adipose tissue, especially the omental depot, is thought to play a key role. We have previously shown that inflammation impairs 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line differentiation. To explore whether this interaction also takes place in vivo, the expression of several genes related to inflammation and adipocyte differentiation was assessed in human samples. Paired adipose tissue biopsies (from omental and subcutaneous depots) were obtained from 24 women: 6 lean normoglycemic and 18 obese volunteers with different glycemic states (normoglycemic, glucose-intolerant, or type 2 diabetic). The expression levels of CD14, IL-18, leptin, adiponectin, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR{gamma}), pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor 1 (PBEF1) (or visfatin), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble) (GPD1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (FABP4), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1{alpha} were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. CD14 and IL-18 were overexpressed in omental adipose tissue compared with the subcutaneous depot, irrespective of the subject's obesity or diabetes status. A significant decrease of LPL, GPD1, and leptin expression was observed in omental tissue, and an inverse correlation between expression of CD14 and IL-18 and that of PPAR{gamma}, LPL, and FABP4 was observed. The underexpression of omental lipogenic markers was more accentuated in the presence of glucose intolerance. Furthermore, adiponectin and SREBP1 expression was also significantly decreased in omental tissue of type 2 diabetic patients. PBEF1 and HIF1{alpha} expression remained comparable in all samples. Therefore, in humans, inflammation is increased in the omental depot, as evidenced by CD14 and IL-18 expression. In this localization, the inflammatory state is associated with a decreased expression of lipogenic markers, which is more pronounced in diabetic subjects.

obesity; CD14; IL-18; subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue; diabetes


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: O. Poulain-Godefroy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, 1 rue Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, BP447, France (e-mail: odile.poulain{at}good.ibl.fr)




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