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ARTICLES

SOD1 deficiency causes salt sensitivity and aggravates hypertension in hydronephrosis

¹Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ²Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; ³Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ⁴Department of Biochemistry, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia; and ⁵Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Submitted 20 October 2008 ; accepted in final form 24 April 2009

Hydronephrosis causes renal dysfunction and salt-sensitive hypertension, which is associated with nitric oxide deficiency and abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. We investigated the role of oxidative stress for salt sensitivity and for hypertension in hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was induced in superoxide dismutase 1-transgenic (SOD1-tg), SOD1-deficient (SOD1-ko), and wild-type mice and in rats. In mice, telemetric measurements were performed during normal (0.7% NaCl) and high-sodium (4% NaCl) diets and with chronic tempol supplementation. The 8-iso-prostaglandin-F₂ (F2-IsoPs) and protein excretion profiles and renal histology were investigated. The acute effects of tempol on blood pressure and TGF were studied in rats. In hydronephrosis, wild-type mice developed salt-sensitive hypertension (114 ± 1 to 120 ± 2 mmHg), which was augmented in SOD1-ko (125 ± 3 to 135 ± 4 mmHg) but abolished in SOD1-tg (109 ± 3 to 108 ± 3 mmHg). SOD1-ko controls displayed salt-sensitive blood pressure (108 ± 1 to 115 ± 2 mmHg), which was not found in wild types or SOD1-tg. Chronic tempol treatment reduced blood pressure in SOD1-ko controls (–7 mmHg) and in hydronephrotic wild-type (–8 mmHg) and SOD1-ko mice (–16 mmHg), but had no effect on blood pressure in wild-type or SOD1-tg controls. SOD1-ko controls and hydronephrotic wild-type and SOD1-ko mice exhibited increased fluid excretion associated with increased F2-IsoPs and protein excretion. The renal histopathological changes found in hydronephrotic wild-type were augmented in SOD1-ko and diminished in SOD-tg mice. Tempol attenuated blood pressure and normalized TGF response in hydronephrosis [P_SF: 15.2 ± 1.2 to 9.1 ± 0.6 mmHg, turning point: 14.3 ± 0.8 to 19.7 ± 1.4 nl/min]. Oxidative stress due to SOD1 deficiency causes salt sensitivity and plays a pivotal role for the development of hypertension in hydronephrosis. Increased superoxide formation may enhance TGF response and thereby contribute to hypertension.

blood pressure; CuZnSOD; isoprostanes; superoxide; telemetry; tempol; tubuloglomerular feedback; ureteral obstruction; oxidative stress