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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R291-R299, 2009. First published May 20, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90497.2008
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ARTICLES

Forced catch-up growth after fetal protein restriction alters the adipose tissue gene expression program leading to obesity in adult mice

V. V. Bol,1 A-I. Delattre,2 B. Reusens,1 M. Raes,2 and C. Remacle1

1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; 2Research Unit of Cell Biology of Namur, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium

Submitted 16 June 2008 ; accepted in final form 18 May 2009

A mismatch between fetal and postnatal environment can permanently alter the body structure and physiology and therefore contribute later to obesity and related disorders, as revealed by epidemiological studies. Early programming of adipose tissue might be central in this observation. Moreover, adipose tissue secretes adipokines that provide a molecular link between obesity and its related disorders. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether a protein restriction during fetal life, followed by catch-up growth could lead to obesity in 9-mo-old male mice and could alter the adipose tissue gene expression profile. Dams were fed a low-protein (LP) or an isocaloric control (C) diet during gestation. Postnatal catch-up growth was induced in LP offspring by feeding dams with control diet and by culling LP litters to four pups instead of eight in the C group. At weaning, male mice were fed by lab chow alone (C) or supplemented with a hypercaloric diet (HC), to induce obesity (C-C, C-HC, LP-C, and LP-HC groups). At 9 mo, LP offspring featured increased relative fat mass, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperleptinemia. Using a microarray designed to study the expression of 89 genes involved in adipose tissue differentiation/function, we demonstrated that the expression profile of several genes were dependent upon the maternal diet. Among the diverse genes showing altered expression, we could identify genes encoding several enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These results indicated that offspring submitted to early mismatched nutrition exhibited alterations in adipose tissue gene expression that probably increases their susceptibility to overweight when challenged after weaning with a HC diet.

fetal programming; adipokines; leptin


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. Remacle, Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Life Science, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (e-mail: claude.remacle{at}uclouvain.be)






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