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1 Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
2 Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
3 Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincinnatti, OH, USA
4 Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA; Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paul.maclean{at}uchsc.edu.
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and predisposes afflicted individuals to several comorbidities. For these individuals, losing weight has proven to be an easier feat than maintaining a reduced weight. In obesity-prone rats, we examined if there is a metabolic propensity to regain weight after a period of significant weight loss. 24hr energy expenditure (EE), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), and non-protein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) were obtained by indirect calorimetry with urinary nitrogen analysis and normalized to fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) acquired by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Obesity-prone rats were examined after free access to a high fat diet for 16 wks to establish the obese state. They were again examined after 2 wks of calorie-restriction, which reduced body weight (14%) and FM (32%). Rats were again examined after a further 8 wks of intake-regulated weight-maintenance or ad libitum feeding that led to weight regain. Metabolic data were compared to pre-obese and age-matched controls. Weight loss suppressed EE and SMR beyond what was expected for the change in metabolic mass. This elevated metabolic efficiency persisted throughout weight maintenance but resolved after 8 wks of regain. Adjusted NPRQ values were elevated in weight maintained and weight regaining rats, suggesting a preference for carbohydrate utilization. These data support the concept that weight reduction in obesity is accompanied by metabolic adjustments beyond the drive to consume calories that predispose to weight regain, and some aspects of this adjustment persist with prolonged weight maintenance and during weight regain.
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