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1 Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
2 Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, GA, The Netherlands
3 School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: christine.feinle{at}adelaide.edu.au.
The gastrointestinal effects of intraluminal fats may be critically dependent on the chain length of fatty acids released during lipolysis. We postulated that intraduodenal administration of lauric acid (12 carbon atoms, C12) would suppress appetite, modulate antropyloroduodenal pressure waves (PWs) and stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) more than an identical dose of decanoic acid (10 carbon atoms, C10). Eight healthy males (19-47 years) were studied on three occasions in a double-blind, randomised fashion. Appetite perceptions, antropyloroduodenal PWs, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 concentrations were measured during a 90 min intraduodenal infusion of (i) C12, (ii) C10 or (iii) control (rate: 2 ml/min; 0.375 kcal/min for C12/C10). Energy intake at a buffet meal, immediately after completion of the infusion, was also quantified. C12, but not C10, suppressed appetite perceptions (P<0.001) and energy intake (kJ, control: 4604±464, C10: 4109±588, C12: 1747±632; C12 vs control/C10: P<0.001). C12, but not C10, also induced nausea (P<0.001). C12 stimulated basal pyloric pressures and isolated pyloric PWs and suppressed antral and duodenal PWs, compared with control (P<0.05 for all). C10 transiently stimulated isolated pyloric PWs (P=0.001), had no effect on antral PWs, but markedly stimulated duodenal PWs (P=0.004). C12 and C10 increased plasma CCK (P<0.001), but the effect of C12 was substantially greater (P=0.001); C12 stimulated GLP-1 (P<0.05), whereas C10 did not. In conclusion, there are major differences in the effects of intraduodenal C12 and C10, administered at 0.375 kcal/min, on appetite, energy intake, antropyloroduodenal PWs and gut hormone release in humans.
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